TREST CONSULTING
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| Bookmarks | 1. On the Internet these days, the term almost always refers to a saved pointer to a location on the World Wide Web--a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). All popular Web browsers allow you to save bookmarks so you can activate them later to return to a location. Most now include features to let you edit, arrange, import, and export lists of bookmarks--sometimes called "hotlists." |
| Bounce | To return an e-mail message to the sender without delivering it--usually because the address is incorrect, insufficient, or outdated. Note, however, that the Internet doesn't guarantee notification when delivery fails. A bounce message is a merely a courtesy. Most systems include both a reason for the bounce and the text of the bounced message. If the address is correct, the bounce could be due to a temporary glitch or shutdown somewhere along the pathway or at the receiving end. The solution in these cases is to send the message again. |
| Browsing | 1.To look through a set of items or collection of information for items that might be of interest, as opposed to searching for a specific item. |
| Browser | An application program that provides tools for exploring the Internet (Netscape, Internet Explorer) |
| Download | 1.To transfer a file or program from a bigger computer to a smaller one, or from a remote computer connected by a communications line or telephone. |
| Email - Electronic Mail | Short for electronic mail, the sending of messages over a computer system to one or more individual users via a system that saves the messages until the recipient is ready to read them. It's one of the major applications both for the Internet and for internal company networks. Most electronic mail systems allow you send short notes directly by typing them into a message creation box, or to import or attach longer messages or non-text files. On the Internet, e-mail features are now built into several Web browser programs, or you can use a specialized e-mail program such as Eudora. Most internal networks that are not built on Internet-like standards require you to use a proprietary e-mail program. |
| Email address | An Internet e-mail client program (a program for creating, sending, and reading e-mail) designed for easy use. It was written and distributed at no charge by an international informal organization called the Elm Development Group. The first version was originally written as for use on "shell accounts" (in which your local computer acts as a terminal to a larger computer that's on the Net), but you can now find authorized and independent versions for personal computers using protocol links, such as PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol). |
| FFTP - File Transfer Protocol | A standard that governs the transmission of data from one computer to another. The protocol is necessary to ensure that the information arrives without errors introduced during the course of transmission. |
| Flame | To express a noticeably or inappropriately strong opinion in an e-mail message-particularly a negative opinion or personal attack. Studies have shown that the sociology of the online environment can increase the frequency and severity of such outbursts well beyond what you would expect in face-to-face interaction. Well-controlled flames, often marked by such indicators as <flame on> and <flame off>, are considered a legitimate way of expressing strong opinions in writing, but ill-considered passages laced with vulgarities are more often the hallmark of not-yet-socialized adolescent users. |
| Freeware | Software that you may use without payment-even though the author or program owner still retains the normal rights of ownership. Authors or firms may release a program as freeware out of a sense of community, as promotion for other projects, or because it is too specialized or too old to make any other type of release practical. |
| Gif | (Graphics Interchange Format) An acronym, surprisingly pronounced "jiff," for Graphics Interchange Format, an image format developed by CompuServe that's also widely used on the Internet for both stand-alone graphic documents and for graphic elements of Web pages. You may see the suffix "gif" on Internet files. |
| HTML - HyperText Markup Language | The computer language used to express the source statements creating pages for the World Wide Web and for similar internal "intranet" webs. It is an English-like language that adds tags (short formatting instructions enclosed in "<" and ">") to define formats and to point to graphic files. The HTML statements are then interpreted by your browser program to provide actual on-screen formatting and images. While a series of official HTML standards exist, in practice what you get on the Web is defined as much by the statements as by added "extensions" to the language that powerful companies, such as Netscape and Microsoft, support in their browsers. But at least in theory, while all browsers may not support all the HTML code they encounter, they are supposed to ignore the unknown elements and continue on with what they do recognize. If you learn HTML, you can write HTML with any word processor by adding the correct coding to your text. But a growing number of Web authoring programs will take care of most or all of the coding chores for you. |
| Hypertext | A document system that provides multiple pathways through the contents that the user can select and follow, rather than simply presenting material from beginning to end. Links can lead to other documents, other sections of the same document, or to alternate views or further details that wouldn't ordinarily be visible. In the form used by the World Wide Web, hypertext links are represented by underlined words and phrases that you can click on with a mouse or select using the tab or arrow keys and the return key. |
| Icon | A stylized picture that stands for a program, document, or operation. In most computer systems and application programs, clicking on or otherwise selecting an icon brings up its corresponding document or program. |
| Jpeg (Joint Photographic Expert Group) | Because of its favorable tradeoff between quality and compressed-file size, JPEG has become one of the most popular formats for compressed images on World Wide Web pages |
| LAN - Local Area Network | A connection between multiple computers intended to allow the individual stations to share resources and exchange files. By local, most people mean a network used at a single office, building, or group of buildings using direct connections rather than a common carrier or private communications system. Local-area networks (LANs) can be classified by how they encode data for transmission, that is, whether baseband or broadband; how they regulate the flow of data, that is, by token, carrier sense with or without collision detect; or their topology, that is, star, ring, or bus. |
| Mail Boxes | The computer location where you get your electronic mail. In most cases, the e-mail program you use to send and receive mail handles the details of how your mailbox works, and all you have to do is periodically clean out the accumulating messages. Technically, a mailbox is a special directory or file on one of the computers connected to a network that's under the control of the system mail program and that's used to store electronic mail messages for a particular user or group. Outgoing messages are often stored as well. Most Internet systems use a "client-server" approach to mail, in which your incoming mail accumulates in a file on a designated host computer on the network until you use an e-mail client program to examine the mailbox and download or upload messages. Consequently, if you use a desktop computer to connect to the Net, you'll often have a mailbox directory both on your Internet host and on your personal system. |
| Mailing list | 1.Most generally, a manually or automatically generated list of e-mail addresses to which you can send messages. Just about all e-mail programs can replicate a single message to such a list, providing that the list is formatted the way the program expects. 2.Particularly on the Internet, a group of users who have indicated to a list "owner" a desire to receive messages about a particular topic. Messages sent to the group are replicated and sent to all members of the list (or at least, those approved by the list owner if the list is "moderated."). Historically, mailing lists became popular because e-mail was the only information service many users could access. But many larger lists were eventually replaced with Usenet newsgroups. Now, lists are used principally for more specialized topics, for closed groups, and for promotional communications, in which you don't want to wait for the recipient to come to you. |
| Netiquette | (network etiquette) The informal rules of good behavior on the Internet or on other public computer networks. Some of the more commonly mentioned elements include using e-mail instead of newsgroups for private messages, logging off from "dialup" connections when you're not using them, typing in upper and lower case letters rather than in all capitals, and refraining from personal attacks in replies to messages or public postings. Older statements of Netiquette also include injunctions against posting commercial messages and accessing distant computers when a close-by one will do, but with the lifting of commercial restrictions on the Internet and the advent of Web sites that rarely show you the physical location of a resource, many of these guidelines no longer apply. |
| Off-line Mail Reader | A program that lets you read and reply to e-mail messages from a local copy of what's in your mailbox, rather than your retrieving each message as you're ready to read it. An off-line reader gets the incoming messages from your mailbox on the host machine that receives mail for you. Then it stores them on a local disk or in memory until you're ready to read each one. If you produce a reply or new message, that's saved in an outbox file on your local system for later uploading to your mailbox host. |
| POP Account | (Post Office Protocol) A set of rules by which e-mail client programs (the e-mail programs, such as Eudora that run on your desktop computer) talk with the e-mail server programs on the network (your "mailbox"). Except for some programs designed for propriety networks, just about all current e-mail programs follow these rules. |
| Plug-ins | A software routine installed along with or inside a large program to add an optional function. For example, the various plug-ins for the Netscape Navigator Web browser that let it play back music and video. |
| Robots | 1.in speaking of networking in general, a program that accomplishes a task that would normally be done by a person. A mailbot (mail robot), for example, responds to e-mail requests for information. 2.in speaking of the World Wide Web or similar internal Web systems, a program that attempts to visit every Web site to collect the information needed to create an index or map. Also called a crawler or spider. |
| Search engine | 1.As applied to the Internet, a World Wide Web location that compiles a list of Web sites that mention words or phrases you supply. For example, you can search for sites that mention "chocolate" and "ice cream." A search engine typically runs your query against a database it has previously created using a program known as a "spider" that attempts to navigate to every possible location in the World Wide Web. But because the Web is changing so fast, and it will take several weeks or more to make each circuit of the Web, the resulting list may contain a number of outdated links. 2.In general use, by contrast, a search engine is a program or set of routines for finding or selecting information in a database, document collection, or set of files, rather than a complete search facility with user interface, search routines, and database. |
| Shareware | Software that you may copy and try out, but for which you must pay if you continue to use it. "Registering" such a program may also get you such benefits such as additional functions or a printed manual. Authors and publishers generally release a program as shareware to avoid the initial expense of packaging and distribution. You can download shareware from many general and specialized archive sites on the Internet as well as from commercial online services. In most cases, the shareware program presents a reminder that payment is required after a specified evaluation period. Some users erroneously believe that paying for shareware is voluntary, but legally and morally shareware authors are as entitled to payment as those whose software is sold through commercial channels. |
| Shouting | In electronic mail and Usenet newsgroup postings, to type a passage in all uppercase letters. It's the textual equivalent of shouting. Many new users don't realize this, which often causes them to be flamed, that is, strongly criticized, by others. |
| Signature | A stylized (and often partly whimsical) set of identifying lines added after the text of electronic mail messages and/or postings on a Usenet newsgroup. Most often, sigs include some combination of the name and telephone number of the message originator, a disclaimer, where necessary, saying the opinions belong to the individual and not an organization, a favorite quote or aphorism, and sometimes a graphic image created out of ordinary alphabetic characters and symbols (an "ASCII graphic"). Most Net experts agree that a signature should be limited to five or fewer lines, but it's not uncommon to see sigs that use as many as 25 lines or more to show a complex graphic. |
| SLIP/ - Serial Line Interface Protocol | SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol) Emulator. A program that runs on a shell (terminal-style) account on an Internet host computer to simulate a SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol) connection that lets your local computer act as if it were directly connected to the Internet. Programs of this type enjoyed a fair measure of popularity for a few years starting about 1994. But with the cost difference between a shell account and a protocol account getting to be small or vanishing entirely, there's less of a reason to add this extra layer of complexity. |
| Snail Mail | A term used to refer to traditional paper-based postal service, in contrast to electronic mail. |
| Spamming | 1.one or more inappropriate messages. Particularly, messages posted on Usenet newsgroups that are not even intended to discuss the newsgroup's subject, or that contains unwanted or repeating information. Similarly, inappropriate e-mail messages sent to entire mailing lists or sent repeatedly. 2.to deliberately send such messages. Most spamming is now done to deliver commercial messages. |
| URL (Uniform Resource Locator) | A pointer to a page on the World Wide Web or other resource on the Internet. These days, URLs are sprouting up on business cards, advertisements, and directories. If you want to jump to a particular URL or retrieve the item that it specifies, you can type the URL string directly into a window in your Web browser. But more often you select from existing URLs that arrive as bookmarks, are imported from a "hot list," or are activated by clicking on a hypertext link or image. A URL starts with the access method the system should use to retrieve the information, such as "http:" for Web-style hypertext, "FTP:" for File Transfer Protocol, and so on. That's followed by a separator ("//"), then the address of the server that supplies the document (www.netguide.com), the path to the document in the server's file system including the name of the document and any file extension (/reference/glossary/ URL.htm), and then finally an optional port address (:800). |
| WWW - World Wide Web | The Internet's distributed system of pages, documents and hyperlinks between these items that you access through a Web browser program--but if you're reading this on the Web you probably know that already, since that's the tool you used to get here. The WWW was originally started as a text-based system for making documents at the CERN particle physics laboratory in Switzerland more accessible, and then later received a boost with the development of the Mosaic point and click browser at the University of Illinois. More recently, the Web has mushroomed into the Internet's largest and fastest-growing service. |
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